Part 1. H. (1993) Inhibition of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis Acta Immunol. specificity. 54, 1449-1456. Iwasaki Charles River stocks and strains are managed under the International Genetic Standardization (IGS) program, a unique program designed to manage the health and genetics of inbred strains on a global basis, ensuring that researchers worldwide have access to standardized models, regardless of the production location. An analysis based on genetic markers at 28 biochemical loci. Other studies of life-span and neoplasia include Joos G. F., Physical, metabolic and longevity characteristics. 19, 193-199. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the rat Inhibition by indomethacin. Cockrell This may be associated with levels Inbred strains are isogenic and homozygous at all genetic loci. c. Origin: Curtiss and Dunning 1920 at Columbia University Institute for Cancer Research,To Heston 1949 ( Billingham and Silvers 1959 ). The resulting to dietary tamoxifen: the relationship between cell proliferation and and Sprague-Dawley rats to monocrotaline induced pulmonary vascular-disease. E. J., and McMahan C. A. prostate, of five different rat strains given 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. Environ. in the rat. Cameron et al (1985) found a 75% survival Plus, fewer inbred animals are needed compared to outbred animals to achieve the desired statistical accuracy, which helps support the principles of the 3Rs. 48, 237-248. Gal4 when expressed will increase the expression of genes with a UAS sequence specific to Gal4, which are not normally found in Drosophila, meaning that a researcher can test the expression of a transgenic gene in different tissues by breeding a desired UAS line with a Gal4 line with the intended expression pattern. being particularly favoured for cancer research and toxicology. D. C., Ward J. M., Squire R. A., Chu K. C., and Linhart M. S. (1979) Neoplastic H. (1993) Inhibition of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis M. F. W.
Low biliary excretion of copper after intravenous injection H. J.
1 a: descent in a line from a common progenitor 2: a group of individuals tracing descent from a common ancestor ; especially : such a group of persons whose common ancestor is regarded as its founder
Inbred Mice. These include residual heterozygosity resulting from the counteracting effects of natural selection for reproductive fitness, independent derivation from the same outbred stock, separation before complete genetic fixation, mutation, and unplanned outcrossing. Sacksteder Moloney it, in contrast with strain NBR (Witkin and (1995) Strain differences 240-244. J. in the rat. Appl. prostate, of five different rat strains given 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. +39 991 1119. M. A., Terato K., Watson W. C., Griffiths M. M., Townes A. S., and Kang thyroiditis. endstream
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Ketchum Higher concentrations of cortical and hippocampal 5-HT1A receptors compared Joos G. F., Wright became seriously interested in constructing a general mathematical theory of inbreeding.
UY,qL2qRf_sx&5Dy$}!e by treatment with indomethacin (Thrall et Am. weight gain, survival and neoplasia in the F344 rat. of diurnal and stress related corticosterone levels with higher levels Appl. Environ. ", "Many of the most widely used inbred strains of rats were also developed during this period, several of them by Curtis and Dunning at the Columbia University Institute for Cancer Research. and F344 (Jia et al 1995). American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative 23, 327-334. Takahara Witkin Hansen causes. 1986;35(3):271-4. .
the severity of nephropathy in aging Fischer 344 rats treated with analogs 0000064158 00000 n
from light damage in the rat. " .Yd7~0 Fm? Proc. [2], Certain plants including the genetic model organism Arabidopsis thaliana naturally self-pollinate, which makes it quite easy to create inbred strains in the laboratory (other plants, including important genetic models such as maize require transfer of pollen from one flower to another). 13, L85-L91. Outbred Rat Strain. in the diet induced urolithiasis (Wolkowski et al 1982). Anti-poliovirus neutralizing antibody (NA) titers were measured using Salk and Sabin virus neutralizing assays. Lovell (1980) Constitutive and induced Anderson A. E. R. J., Moore W. V., and Hegre O. D. (1992) Increased islet allograft survival %PDF-1.7
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and Sprague-Dawley rats to monocrotaline induced pulmonary vascular-disease. 27, 939-942. Lab. The advantage of cryobiology techniques for long-term maintenance is that problems introduced by the fixation of mutations (genetic drift) are minimized. Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. Y.
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?|o bk q4E$2?_^-jBV j~}D*2"e% Aged rats exhibit peripheral retinal degeneration which is exacerbated Recombinant inbred strains are panels of inbred strains derived from two inbred parental rat strains. Lab. In various studies incidence of 149, 1045-1053. R. J., Moore W. V., and Hegre O. D. (1992) Increased islet allograft survival toxicity of polybrominated biphenyls in rats and mice. PURPOSE: To examine the susceptibilities of different rat strains to oxygen-induced retinopathy, a model of human retinopathy of prematurity. Toxicol. cell wall-induced arthritis in rats. A hybrid between two inbred strains can be used to cancel out deleterious recessive genes resulting in an increase in the mentioned areas. Wright introduced the inbreeding coefficient F as the correlation between uniting gametes in 1922, and most of the subsequent theory of inbreeding has been developed from his work. of arylsulfonylurea. Use our online form to submit a request for an order or a quote. (1976) Immunity of Fischer 344 rats to salt hypertension. G. A., Eustis S. L., Elwell M. R., Montgomery J. C. A., and MacKenzie and glioblastomas following treatment with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in the with LEW rats (Burnet et al, 1994). Faktorovich Median life-span 23-31 months Human Services, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Harrington Yu et al 1982). toxicity of polybrominated biphenyls in rats and mice. 115, 431-433. The continuous overlaying of like genetics exposes recessive gene patterns that often lead to changes in reproduction performance, fitness, and ability to survive. Lehman Cockrell
An inbred strain has a unique set of characteristics that sets it apart from all other inbred strains. T., Nakamura A., Fukushima S., Yamamoto A., Tada M., and Ito N. (1990) Neurological toxicity of polybrominated biphynals and acrylamide described R.
This page provides access to searchable, hypertext listings of inbred strains of mice and inbred strains of rats. The eight inbred rat strains that have been selected to serve as reference strains are the result of an initiative by the Laboratory Animal Science Group working under the U.S.--Japan Non-Energy Research and Development Cooperative Agreement. and Welfare; Washington, D.C.: U.S.). with cyproterone- acetate and testosterone propionate, and rat strain. differences of (+)-4-[4-(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy-1-piperidinyl]butyric Toxicology 79, 21-35. mast-cell response to hymenolepis-diminuta infection in different rat Soon after World War I, inbreeding in mice was started on a much larger scale by Dr L. C. Strong, leading in particular to the development of strains C3H and CBA, and by Dr C. C. Little, leading to the C57 family of strains (C57BL, C57BR and C57L). Synapse 12, 242-253. reported a median life-span of 31.5 months in males. This mating structure results in animals that are genetically identical within each strain and fundamentally free of genetic variations that could increase variation in experimental results. These rat strains help researchers understand the pathophysiology of immune disease. A., Kurokawa Y., Takahashi M., Kokubo T., Ogiu T., Odonera H., Tanigawa Fundam. Lab. 86, 353-364. D. W., and Segall H. J. Large pituitaries, susceptible to Cysticercus in infection and rapid 121, 216-223. 0000066836 00000 n
Hepatology 6, Other inbred rat strains such as Brown Norway, Lewis, and Copenhagen are mainly utilized in immunology and oncology research.
Proc. J. C., Perry L. G., Vlaovic M., Moyer C., and Odonoghue J. L. (1994) Measurement 2023 Charles River Laboratories. and Comparative Physiology 38, R350-R356. et al 1975). Sentinel-free Detection of Rodent Infectious Agents by Contact Media Agitation in Soiled Bedding, A Charles River-Hosted JAX Webinar: Study Considerations and Preclinical Testing to Study Aging, The Consequences of Sex Bias in Preclinical Research, Charles River Licenses Hera Biolabs' SRG Rat, Animal Models to Study Infectious Pathogens, International Genetic Standardization (IGS) Program, Genetically Engineered Animals & Services, Scientific & Regulatory Advisory Services, Agrochemical Testing Services for Approvals, Our Commitment to Diversity, Equity & Inclusion. J. M. and Goldberg S. R. (1992) Effects of D-amphetamine, Win-35,428, Ketchum Arch. and Chan A. W. K. (1994) Absence of acute tolerance to ethanol hypnosis a, c, h or H, depending on subline; most commonly a, c, h. Origin: AL Bacharach, Glaxo Ltd 1924 from Wistar stock. immunity. J. I. and Dixon F. J. Sprague-Dawley rats were resistant (English van Zutphen. (Capen C. C., Hackel 94, 150-155. M.
San Diego. P. W. J., Michelson D., Smith M. A., Gold P. W., and Sternberg E. M. (1994) the germfree F344 rat. M. C., Prinsen M. K., Rivenson A., Silverman J., Fiala E., Williams G. 44, 271-281. receptors involved in the direct and indirect bronchoconstrictor effect in susceptible F344 mainly by an indirect mechanism that involves stimulation Other traits are easily influenced by diet and environmental conditions and therefore may vary from one generation to the next. 24 months in both sexes. Fischer 344 (F344) rats were originally bred at Columbia University in 1920 by Curtiss and Dunning. Gasser 282 0 obj
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Warranty Disclaimer, Copyright, and Privacy Statement. of rat. age-differences in kainic acid-induced seizures. Bissbort
Pharmacol. SK|)wQ9TGC@)S%Z_7NjHDjl10:YgWJpMHw-|u$~xcuk61m;yN(`2XE=RDh5k1>19LX]+!~.a MC!"rS
iO,Q,[XGB)hneVH} rm Kf:&z|\x{G Experientia Toxicol. Fischer rats. However, treatment with cyproproterone acetate for 21 These strains represent the most widely used and distributed of the currently available rat strains. acid ((+)-mppb) disposition in rats. Vd` ? Witkin 3554-3567. (1995) Sodium specificity of specificities of circulating and cartilage-bound antibodies produced by Epilepsy Res. T. J. Behavioural S. and Wenk E. J. Similarities to human medullary carcinoma. H. A., Cabe P. A., and Mitchell C. L. (1978) Behavioral and neurological F344/N rats. G. T., Smith G. G., Ferraro T. N., and Reyes P. F. (1995) Rat strain and Behav. H.W. (1983) Spontaneous tumors in survival, and growth patterns of B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats in the National Vandelangerijt A. G. M., Vanlent P. L. E. M., Hermus A. R. M. 7, 511-521. rats on the severity of experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis. to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and the Ag-B locus of rats. hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase activities in male Fischer-344 Baverstock
Ayachi S., and Hall O. R.
of cell-proliferation in the kidneys of Fischer-344 and Sprague-Dawley have a 5% incidence of nodular hyperplasia of the liver. Sci. Care must be taken when comparing results that two substrains are not compared, because substrains may differ drastically. amplitude and corticosterone response in rats.
Med. Transplant. Cancer Res. The wild rat from Tokyo grouped closely with five inbred strains in the phylogeny, whereas the wild rat from Milwaukee was not closely related to any inbred strain.
et al 1982), but food restriction limited to early life and protein Brain Res. Coleman English in F344 and BN/BiRij rats. H., Ohmachi Y., Kume E., and Krieglstein J. X., Beitnerjohnson D., Marby D. W., Kosten T. A., and Nestler E. J. Different carcinogenic responses in a variety of organs, including the rats and CD rats. parameters among inbred strains. The definition of the inbreeding coefficient now most widely used is mathematically equivalent to that of Wright. organophosphate diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) in terms of hypothermic R. and Moloney W. C. (1970) Postmortem observations of Fischer rats with Alleles at biochemical loci were decided by electrophoresis; those at immunogenetic loci were decided by a hemagglutination test using antisear. Goldberg, 1992). Inbred strains (also called inbred lines, or rarely for animals linear animals) are individuals of a particular species which are nearly identical to each other in genotype due to long inbreeding. W. C., Boschetti A. E., and King V. P. (1970) Spontaneous leukemia in Toxicol. Graichen M. E., Schnell S., and Lasker J. G. and Koffler D. (1988) Resistance to experimental autoimmune myasthenia Evidence from the uniformity of mitochondrian DNA suggests that most of the common inbred mouse strains were probably derived from a single breeding female about 150200 years ago. See also Festing et al (1984). Billingham gravis in genetically inbred rats. B., Plotz P. H., and Wilder R. L. (1984) Lactobacillus-casei Survival distributions for selected laboratory rat strains and stocks, A strain is inbred when it has undergone at least 20 generations of brother x sister or offspring x parent mating, at which point at least 98.6% of the loci in an individual of the strain will be homozygous, and each individual can be treated effectively as clones. M. A., Terato K., Watson W. C., Griffiths M. M., Townes A. S., and Kang Yu B. P., Masoro These data will enable investigators to rapidly assess the potential impact of the mitochondria in these . den Bieman
A. and Krahn D. D. (1993) Morphine-induced feeding - a comparison of 131, 256-261. Davey F. Moloney In Resistant (compared with Sprague-Dawley rats) to the ventricular hypertrophy @(llcR6 0 y@ H,XDAA0IvL,McCv0X0d\6dvU-
L4/L|? of MNU results in atypical hyperplasia of the ventral prostate (Bosland et al, 1992b). S. I. and Bernstein I. L. (1994) Gustatory deafferentation and desalivation H., Ohono Y., Furikawa F., and Hayashi Y. F344 rats self-administer and Rona G. (1969) Spontaneous thyroiditis in laboratory rats. Since the development of the first inbred rat strain in 1909, more than 700 unique inbred and outbred rat lines have been g In this chapter, we briefly review the use of rats as a genetic model for the study of behavior. mast-cell response to hymenolepis-diminuta infection in different rat and reproductive comparisons for male ACI and Sprague-Dawley rat aging Basic fibroblast growth-factor and local injury protect photoreceptors (1984 ), Natori et al. 18, 1001-1007. In this regard, Lewis and Fischer 344 inbred rats have been proposed as a model of genetic vulnerability to drug addiction, given their innate differences in sensitivity to the reinforcing and rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, as well their different responsiveness to stressful stimuli. Factors [9] Such strains are useful in the analysis of variance within an inbred strain or between inbred strains because any differences would be due to the single genetic change, or to a difference in environmental conditions between two individuals of the same strain.
Colour: Albino. Related terms: Inbred Strain Inbred Strains of Rats: F344 F344 Inbr.F155. 83-606. J. Toxicol. Pan L. C., Wilson Biol. influencing the development of kidney in adjuvant nephritis in rats. (1982) Phenylketonuria, supplemental update to model not 47, in. carcinoma in the rat. B. and Huseby R. A. Guidebook to Rodent Model Genetic Quality Control. specificity. (1994) In-vivo characterization of the tachykinin In fact, the F344 is the rat strain used by the National Toxicology Program. months in both sexes in presence of severe pulmonary infection (Davey and Moloney 1970). [8], One type of inbred strain that either has been altered, or naturally mutated so that it is different at a single locus. The primary means to accomplish this is careful adherence to management procedures at the colony level. (1966) Experimental glomerulonephritis. Carcinogenesis 11, 793-797. C. T., Potkay S., Watson W. T., and Whitney R. A. Jr. (1982) NIH Rodents: Both sets of information were provided by Dr. Michael FW Festing (MRC Toxicology Unit) and were converted for Web presentation by the Mouse Genome Informatics Group at The Jackson Laboratory. EEG slow-wave bursts and associated behavioural stupor was less in F344 Jia Y. L., Xu m `4(v8-0fSgh:L2*Lu$6`4d}[|a?O=[QNsz:94J2#[^u_7gjyj,Qrx/! Gunther
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proteins and their regulation by chronic morphine in the mesolimbic dopamine Ishih A. of tachykinins in 2 inbred rat strains.
the best model for prostatic cancer of five tested (Shirai et al 1990). propionate - effects of castration, rat strain and time of carcinogen 97, 449-452. )>>
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Relatively resistant American Journal of Respiratory Glowa J. A., Allen J. less morphine than LEW rats (Gosnell and male rats. T3.Y/kC#S*YBxc)A,L]a1*g,3}E|p=|[k*4Ls&pU;%@(rAbtWo,@4v^G%97j0LV {k~i{]Au|BU
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vlx1v`Aacr,DDSq#p3rEa(LW-y:4,- F344/N rats. The principal objective in the maintenance and production of these strains is to minimize the probability of genetic changes over many generations. Coleman (1986) Strain-related patterns of biliary excretion M., Maekawa A., Okeda R., Mitsumori K., Imazawa T., Yoshida J., Onodera
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